Smith, W. (1853), A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae ; with remarks on their structure, function and distribution; and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens. The plates by Tuffen West Vol. 1: 39, pl. 13, fig. 108 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Synedra sigma Kütz. legitimate

Crosby, L.H. & Wood, E.J.F. (1959), Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. II. Normally epontic and benthic genera. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86: 1–58 [secondary reference]

Foged, N. (1978), Diatoms in eastern Australia. Biblioth. Phycol 41: 1–243 [secondary reference]

John, J. (1983), The diatom flora of the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia. Bibliotheca Phycologica 64: 1–358 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Jeffrey, S.W. (1984), Tropical phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and north-west Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20: 59–74 [secondary reference]

Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1988), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae 1. Teil Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae 2/2: - [secondary reference]

Day, S.A., Wickham, R.P., Entwisle, T.J. & Tyler, P.A. (1995), Bibliographic checklist of non-marine algae in Australia: - [secondary reference]

Entwisle, T.J. & Nairn, L. (2011), Census of Freshwater Algae in Australia. Edn. Version 1.0: - [secondary reference]

• APC Comment: T.J.Entwisle and L.Nairn (2011) use this taxon concept.
• Distribution: New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Northern Territory

McCarthy, P. (2012), Census of Australian Marine Diatoms: - AAL [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Synedra sigma Kütz. legitimate

• Comment: In brackish and marine habitats
• Distribution: N & NW Australia, N.T., NE Qld, N.S.W. (Byron Bay, Lake Macquarie, Botany Bay), Vic., W.A. (Perth)
• Ex.distribution: Argentina, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (W and E coasts), Canada (New Brunswick, Great Lakes), Iceland, Arctic Ocean, British Isles, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Kara Sea, Spain, Canary Islands, Mediterranean Sea (Egypt), Romania, Black Sea, Iran, West Africa (Niger Delta), Arabian Sea, India, western Pacific Ocean, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea

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