Hallegraeff, G.M. & Jeffrey, S.W. (1984), Tropical phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and north-west Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20: 59–74 [secondary reference]

Hasle (1993), Beih. Nova Hedwigia 106: 319 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Nitzschia pungens Grunow ex Cleve legitimate

Hallegraeff, G.M. (1994), Species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Australian waters. Botanica Marina 37: 397–411 [secondary reference]

Jameson, I. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2010), Planktonic diatoms. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 65 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (2012), Census of Australian Marine Diatoms: - [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Nitzschia pungens Grunow ex Cleve legitimate

• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: N.T. (Arafura Sea), N.T./Qld (Gulf of Carpentaria), N.S.W. (Port Hacking, Berowra Creek), Vic. (Port Phillip Bay), Tas. (Derwent estuary), W.A. (Perth)
• Ex.distribution: Brazil, Mexico (Gulf of California), U.S.A. (W and NE coasts), Canada (Gulf of St Lawrence), Canary Islands, NW Africa, British Isles, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Portugal, Russia (Sea of Okhotsk), Sea of Japan, East China Sea, Straits of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand, Philippines, South China Sea, Pacific coasts of Central and South America, New Zealand

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