Grunow, A. (1863), Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 157, pl. 5, fig. 13 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: Adriatic Sea

Crosby, L.H. & Wood, E.J.F. (1958), Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. I. Planktonic and allied species. Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 85: 483–530 [secondary reference]

John, J. (1983), The diatom flora of the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia. Bibliotheca Phycologica 64: 1–358 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Jeffrey, S.W. (1984), Tropical phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and north-west Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20: 59–74 [secondary reference]

Jameson, I. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2010), Planktonic diatoms. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 40 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (2012), Census of Australian Marine Diatoms: - [secondary reference]

• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: N & NW Australia, Qld (Fraser Island), East Australian Current, N.S.W., Tas. (Bass Str.), S.A. (Gulf St Vincent), W.A. (Perth)
• Ex.distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, U.S.A. (California, NE coast), Canada (Nova Scotia), British Isles, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands, Adriatic Sea, Black Sea, Sea of Japan, Alaska, Bering Sea, western Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, Timor Sea, Pacific coast of Central America, Peru

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