Murray, G. & Whitting (1900), Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. Bot 5: 331, pl. 31, fig. 10 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: Atlantic Ocean

Wood, E.J.F. (1963), Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. II – Recent collections. Tech. Pap. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. CSIRO 14: 1–55 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Reid, D.D. (1986), Phytoplankton species successions and their hydrological environment at a coastal station off Sydney. Austral. J. Mar. Freshw. Res 37: 361–377 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Lucas, I.A.N. (1988), The marine dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae): photosynthetic, neritic and non-photosynthetic, oceanic species. Phycologia 27: 25–42 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - [secondary reference]

• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: Coral Sea, East Australian Current, N.S.W. (off Sydney)
• Ex.distribution: Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (Virginia), Atlantic Ocean, Canary Islands, British Isles, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean

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