Balech, E. in Anderson, D.M., White, A.W. & Baden, D.G. (ed.) (1985), The genus Alexandrium or Gonyaulax of the tamarensis group. Toxic Dinoflagellates: 37 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Gonyaulax catenella Whedon & Kof. legitimate

Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J., Blackburn, S.I. & Oshima, Y. (1991), Species of the toxigenic dinflagellate genus Alexandrium in Southeastern Australian waters. Botanica Marina 34: - [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Gonyaulax catenella Whedon & Kof. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Gessnerium catenella (Whedon & Kof.) A.R.Loebl. & L.A.Loebl. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Protogonyaulax catenella (Whedon & Kof.) F.J.R.Taylor legitimate

Hallegraeff, G.M., Steffensen, D.A. & Wetherbee, R. (1998), The estuarine Australian dinoflagellates that can produce paralytic shellfish toxins. J. Plankton Res 10: 531–541 [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

• Comment: Possibly the same as Gonyolax conjuncta sensu Wood (1954)
• Habitat: Neritic, Benthic
• Habit: Planktonic, Toxic strains
• Graphic: Hallegraeff et al 1991: figs 17-32

Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J.S., Huisman, J.M. & de Salas, M.F. (2010), Planktonic dinoflagellates. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 145–212 [secondary reference]

McMinn, A., Bolch, C.J.S., de Salas, M.F. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2010), Recent dinoflagellate cysts. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 260–292 [secondary reference]

Adjani, P., Ingleton, T., Pritchard, T. & Armand, L. (2011), Microalgal blooms in the coastal waters of New South Wales, Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 133: 15–31 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Gonyaulax catenella Whedon & Kof. legitimate

• Comment: Produces paralytic shellfish poisons [Hallegraeff et al., 2010]
• Distribution: In N.S.W. known from Port Hacking (since 1954), Sydney Harbour (1993), Newcastle and Batemans Bay. Also in Port Phillip Bay, Vic. (since 1986), Port River, S.A. (since 1997) and the east coast of Tas. [Hallegraeff et al., 2010]
• Ex.distribution: Argentina, Chile, U.S.A. (Alaska, California), British Isles, Mediterranean Sea (Spain, Tunisia, France, Italy), South Africa, China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G M. (2021), -. Algaebase web site: www.algaebase.org: - AAL [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Gonyaulax catenella Whedon & Kof. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Gessnerium catenella (Whedon & Kof.) A.R.Loebl. & L.A.Loebl. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Protogonyaulax catenella (Whedon & Kof.) F.J.R.Taylor legitimate

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