Ostenfeld, C.E.H. & Schmidt, J. (1901), Plankton fra det Rode Hav og Adenbugten [Plankton of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn 25: 172, fig 24 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: Gulf of Aden

Wood, E.J.F. (1954), Dinoflagellates of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5: 171–351 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Jeffrey, S.W. (1984), Tropical phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and north-west Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20: 59–74 [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - AAL [secondary reference]

• Distribution: Gulf of Carpentaria/North-west Shelf; E coast
• Ex.distribution: Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Adriatic Sea, Black Sea, Gulf of Aden, New Zealand

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