Kofoid, C.A. & Michener, J.R. (1911), Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll 54(7): 271 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

Burns, D.A. & Mitchell, J.S. (1980), Some examples of the dinoflagellate genus Ceratium from New Zealand. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshw. Res 14: 149–153, figs 1–3 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Reid, D.D. (1986), Phytoplankton species successions and their hydrological environment at a coastal station off Sydney. Austral. J. Mar. Freshw. Res 37: 361–377 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J.S., Huisman, J.M. & de Salas, M.F. (2010), Planktonic dinoflagellates. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 145–212 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Gonyaulax minima Matzen. legitimate

• Comment: Synonymy after F.Gómez, A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world’s oceans, Acta Bot. Croat. 64: 129–212 (2005)
• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: Qld (Coral Sea), N.S.W. (Port Hacking), W.A. (Albany)
• Ex.distribution: Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (Virginia), North Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea (Egypt), Black Sea, Indian Ocean, Tasman Sea, New Zealand, Southern Ocean (S of Australia),eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, Pacific coast of Mexico

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