Kofoid, C.A. (1907), Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard Coll 50: 169, pl. 12, fig. 71 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

Wood, E.J.F. (1963), Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. II – Recent collections. Tech. Pap. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. CSIRO 14: 1–55 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Jeffrey, S.W. (1984), Tropical phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and north-west Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20: 59–74 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Reid, D.D. (1986), Phytoplankton species successions and their hydrological environment at a coastal station off Sydney. Austral. J. Mar. Freshw. Res 37: 361–377 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - [secondary reference]

• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: Gulf of Carpentaria/North-west Shelf, N.S.W. (off Sydney), NE Indian Ocean
• Ex.distribution: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Canary Islands, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

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