Kofoid, C.A. & Swezy, O. (1921), Mem. Univ. Calif 5: 319, fig. DD, 3, pl. 9, fig. 103 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum F.Schütt legitimate

Larsen, J. (1996), Unarmoured dinoflagellates from Australian waters. II. Genus Gyrodinium (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae). Phycologia 35: 342–349 [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum F.Schütt legitimate

• APC Comment: P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
• Distribution: Vic. (Port Phillip Bay)
• Ex.distribution: U.S.A. (California), British Isles, Mediterranean Sea (Italy), Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea

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