Kareniaceae
Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballant.) J.Larsen
, legitimate, scientific
[Daugbjerg, N., Hansen, G., Larsen, J. & Moestrup, Ø. (2000), Phylogeny of some of the major general of dinoflagellates based on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data, including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates. Phycologia]:
309
[comb. nov.]
basionym:
Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballant.
legitimate
[Mooney, B.D., de Salas, M., Hallegraeff, G.M. & Price, A.R. (2009), Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (Kareniaceae, Dinophyta). J. Phycol 45]:
164–175
[secondary reference]
[Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J.S., Huisman, J.M. & de Salas, M.F. (2010), Planktonic dinoflagellates. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters]:
145–212
[secondary reference]
[Adjani, P., Ingleton, T., Pritchard, T. & Armand, L. (2011), Microalgal blooms in the coastal waters of New South Wales, Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 133]:
15–31
[secondary reference]
[McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates]:
-
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballant.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Woloszynskia micra B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge) A.R.Loebl.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen
legitimate
-
A bloom-forming, toxic species
-
P.McCarthy (2012) uses this taxon concept.
-
Distribution:
N.S.W. (Sydney Harbour, Lake Illawara), Tas. (River Derwent, Huon River), S.A. (Murray River), W.A. (Swan River)
-
Ex.distribution:
Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (E coast), Canada (Nova Scotia), Canary Islands, British Isles, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, New Zealand
[Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G M. (2022), -. Algaebase web site: www.algaebase.org]:
-
AAL
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballant.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Woloszynskia micra B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge) A.R.Loebl.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadb. & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen
legitimate