Stein, F. (1883), Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere nach eigenen Forschungen in systematischer Reihenfolge III. Abth.Einleitung und der abbildungen II. Halfte: 19, taf V fig 8-13 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: Mediterranean & Sthn Atlantic

Wood, E.J.F. (1963), Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. II – Recent collections. Tech. Pap. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. CSIRO 14: 1–55 [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - AAL [secondary reference]

• Distribution: Coral Sea, East Australian Current
• Ex.distribution: Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, Sargasso Sea, U.S.A. (Virginia), Canary Islands, NW Spain, British Isles, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, northern Tasman Sea

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