Kofoid, C.A. (1907), Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer 'Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905. Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. IX New species of dinoflagellates. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard 50 (6): 190-191, pl. 10 fig 60 [tax. nov.]

• Type locality: Station, 4734; Eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

Wood, E.J.F. (1954), Dinoflagellates of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5: 171–351 [secondary reference]

Wood, E.J.F. (1963), Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. II – Recent collections. Tech. Pap. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. CSIRO 14: 1–55 [secondary reference]

Hallegraeff, G.M. & Reid, D.D. (1986), Phytoplankton species successions and their hydrological environment at a coastal station off Sydney. Austral. J. Mar. Freshw. Res 37: 361–377 [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - AAL [secondary reference]

• Distribution: East Australian Current, N.S.W. (off Sydney)
• Ex.distribution: Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (California, Virginia), Canary Islands, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Coral Sea, SW Pacific Ocean, Tasman Sea, eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, SE Pacific Ocean

---