Woloszynska, J. & Conrad, W. (1939), Pyrodinium phoneus n. sp. agent de la toxicite des moules du canal maritime de Bruges a Zeebruge. Bulletin du Musee royale d'histoire naturelle de Belgique 15: 3, figs 1-12 [tax. nov.]

Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J., Blackburn, S.I. & Oshima, Y. (1991), Species of the toxigenic dinflagellate genus Alexandrium in Southeastern Australian waters. Botanica Marina 34: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) Balech & Tangen legitimate

McMinn, A. & Scott, F.J. in Scott, F.J. & Marchant, H.J. (ed.) (2005), Dinoflagellates. Antarctic Marine Protists: - [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

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