Schütt, F. in Engler, H.G.A. & Prantl, K.A.E. (ed.) (1896), Peridiniales (Peridineae, Dinoflagellata, Cilioflagellata, arthrodele Flagellaten). Bacillariales (Diatomeae). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: 5 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Gymnodinium spirale Bergh legitimate

Jørgensen, E. (1899), Protophyton und Protozoen im Plankton aus der norwegischen Westkuste: - [secondary reference]

Throndsen, J., Hasle, G.R. & Tangen, K. (2003), Norsk Kystplankton Flora: - [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) Kof. & Swezy legitimate

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

• Comment: #309 check

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G M. (2022), -. Algaebase web site: www.algaebase.org: - [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) Kof. & Swezy legitimate

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