Kofoid, C.A. & Swezy, O. (1921), The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellates. Memoirs of the University of California 5: 309 [comb. nov.]

Throndsen, J., Hasle, G.R. & Tangen, K. (2003), Norsk Kystplankton Flora: - [secondary reference]

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

• AMANI dist.: Norway

---