Balech, E. & El-Sayed, S.Z. (1965), Microplankton of the Weddell Sea. Antarctic Research Series 5: 114, pl. 1 figs 4, 5 [tax. nov.]

Hada, Y. (1970), The protozoan plankton of the Antarctic and Subantarctic seas. JARE Science Reports 31: 13 [secondary reference]

McMinn, A. & Scott, F.J. in Scott, F.J. & Marchant, H.J. (ed.) (2005), Dinoflagellates. Antarctic Marine Protists: 214 [secondary reference]

• APC Comment: R.Cowan (2008) uses this taxon concept.

McMinn, A. & Scott, F.J. in Scott, F.J. & Marchant, H.J. (ed.) (2005), Dinoflagellates. Antarctic Marine Protists: 214 [misapplied]

misapplied to: Gymnodinium modestum Balech legitimate by Hada, Y. (1970), The protozoan plankton of the Antarctic and Subantarctic seas. JARE Science Reports 31: 13

ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]

• AMANI dist.: Australian Antarctic Territory

---